How important is non-verbal communication?
It turns out VERY.
A World Economic Forum article explains that non-verbal cues account for a staggering 65% of all communication.
Among these, eye contact holds a unique and powerful role, often associated with honesty and openness.
A 2006 study found that not only does non-verbal behavior, such as eye contact, influence how truthful we perceive a message to be, but the truthfulness of the message also affects the amount of eye contact the messenger provides.
Understanding the cultural nuances of eye contact can significantly impact our interactions.
For instance, in professional settings, maintaining appropriate eye contact can enhance credibility and foster trust.
Last week, we discussed differences in eye contact norms between the East and the West.
This week, we’ll look at other cultures worldwide and their non-verbal communication norms.
Middle Eastern Cultures: Varied Interpretations
In Middle Eastern cultures, the rules around eye contact can be complex and context-dependent.
In many Arab countries, direct eye contact between individuals of the same gender is a sign of honesty and straightforwardness.
However, eye contact between men and women who are not closely related can be considered inappropriate and disrespectful due to cultural and religious norms.
For example, in Saudi Arabia, men and women typically avoid direct eye contact in public spaces to adhere to social conventions regarding modesty and propriety.
A study on Arab cultural communication patterns reads:
“Nonverbal communication in Arab cultural contexts can be characterized by indirect eye contact in certain contexts, expressive body language, closeness between individuals, and relaxed attitudes toward time (Feghali, 1997). Lowering one’s gaze during face-to-face interactions with the opposite sex or between children and an older adult is considered polite (Feghali, 1997).”
Understanding these nuances is crucial for respectful and effective communication in Middle Eastern contexts.
Latin American Cultures: Expressiveness = Connection
In Latin American cultures, eye contact is often more expressive and emotive.
People from countries like Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina use eye contact to convey warmth, friendliness, and emotional connection.
Maintaining eye contact is seen as a way to build rapport and trust, making it an essential component of personal and professional interactions.
However, as in other cultures, there is a balance to be struck.
While eye contact is important, overly intense staring can be perceived as intrusive or aggressive.
According to this research on differences between Anglo and Latino nonverbal communication styles:
“The failure of the Latino to maintain eye contact should not be seen as expressing a lack of self-confidence. In the Latino culture direct, prolonged eye contact means you are challenging the person, that you are angry, or that you have a romantic interest in the person.”
African Cultures: Community = Context
In many African cultures, eye contact practices can vary widely depending on the community and context.
For instance, in some Sub-Saharan African societies, children are taught to lower their gaze when speaking to elders as a sign of respect, similar to East Asian norms.
In contrast, in more urbanized settings, direct eye contact may be more common and accepted.
Understanding the cultural differences in eye contact is vital for effective communication and fostering mutual respect.
By being aware of these norms, individuals can navigate cross-cultural interactions more smoothly, avoiding misunderstandings and building stronger, more respectful relationships.
Success Across Cultures 